This short post provides tips and tricks for identifying ash and oak firewood (Learn more about Ash vs Oak), both when it’s already cut and when it’s still standing. It could include descriptions of the bark, leaves, and wood grain patterns of each species, as well as photos to help readers differentiate between them.
If you’re a homeowner in Ireland who uses a wood-burning stove or fireplace to heat your home, you know that not all firewood is created equal. Certain types of wood, like ash and oak, are known for their high BTU output, low moisture content, and other properties that make them ideal for burning. But how do you identify ash and oak firewood, especially if you’re not an expert? In this post, we’ll provide a guide to help you do just that.
Look at the bark
The bark of ash and oak trees can be a good indicator of the type of wood you’re dealing with. Ash bark is typically smooth and gray, while oak bark is rough and deeply furrowed. Additionally, the bark of oak trees tends to be darker than that of ash trees, which can help you differentiate between the two types of wood.
Check the leaves
If you have access to a live ash or oak tree, you can also identify the wood by looking at the leaves. Ash leaves are typically compound, meaning they have several leaflets attached to a single stem. The leaflets are oval-shaped with a pointed tip, and they have a serrated edge. Oak leaves, on the other hand, are usually lobed, with a deep indentation in the middle of each leaf. The number and shape of the lobes can vary depending on the type of oak, but they’re usually distinctive enough to help you identify the wood.
Examine the wood grain
If you have a piece of cut wood that you suspect is either ash or oak, you can examine the wood grain to confirm your suspicion. Ash wood has a straight, even grain that runs the length of the wood, while oak wood has a distinctive grain pattern that forms a series of arches or rays. This pattern is known as “medullary rays” and is visible on the end-grain of the wood.
Consider the weigh
If you’re still not sure whether the wood you’re dealing with is ash or oak, you can also consider the weight. Ash wood is relatively lightweight compared to other types of hardwood, which makes it easier to split and stack. Oak, on the other hand, is quite heavy, and you may notice a significant difference in weight when compared to other types of firewood.
Bark, Grain, and Wood Weight: Key Differences
When identifying ash and oak firewood, there are several physical characteristics that can help.
Bark and Grain Patterns
Ash firewood has a smoother, grey bark, while oak bark is rough, dark, and deeply furrowed. Oak also has visible medullary rays—patterns that form a series of small arches on the grain, which are especially noticeable on cut oak logs. In contrast, ash has a straighter, less noticeable grain that is more even throughout the wood. These grain patterns can help you distinguish between the two when the firewood is already cut.
Wood Weight and Density
The weight of firewood can also be a key indicator. Oak is significantly denser and heavier compared to ash, which is relatively lightweight for a hardwood. This difference is important if you are handling large amounts of firewood, as oak logs will require more effort to split and transport. On the other hand, ash is much easier to handle and split, making it a favourite among those who prepare their own wood.
Burning Performance: Heat, Sparks, and Coals
Both oak and ash are excellent hardwoods for burning, but they have different burning characteristics.
Burning Characteristics
- Ash burns hotter and produces minimal smoke, even if it’s not fully seasoned. It’s ready to burn sooner and is ideal for those who need firewood quickly.
- Oak, being denser, burns slower and produces a steady, long-lasting heat. However, it must be well-seasoned (usually at least two years) for efficient burning. Oak’s dense nature also makes it excellent for overnight burns, as it produces strong coals that last much longer than ash.
Sparks and Aroma
Both types of wood produce very few sparks, making them safe for indoor use. Oak has a slightly stronger, earthy scent that some find more pleasant for indoor fires, while ash has a more subtle aroma, perfect for those who prefer a less noticeable smell.
Availability and Sustainability in Ireland
Ash firewood has become less available in Ireland due to the effects of the emerald ash borer, an invasive insect that has devastated ash tree populations. This has caused ash firewood prices to rise in certain areas. In contrast, oak is more widely available across Ireland, making it a more consistent and accessible option for firewood.
Both oak and ash are sustainable choices, but due to the endangered status of ash in some regions, oak is often the more environmentally responsible option.
Seek expert advice
If you’re still having trouble identifying the type of wood you’re dealing with, you can always ask our Finglas Fuels expert advice. Local firewood suppliers in Dublin or arborists should be able to help you identify ash and oak firewood and may also be able to provide you with additional tips for selecting, storing, and burning these types of wood.
In conclusion, identifying ash and oak firewood requires a bit of knowledge and experience, but it’s a skill that can be learned. By using the tips outlined in this guide, you can confidently select and use these high-quality firewood options to heat your home in Ireland this winter.
